{"id":168248,"date":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-06-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new-cm-edgedigital.pages.dev\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/synthesis-of-unitaries-with-cliffordt-circuits\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:11:37","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:11:37","slug":"synthesis-of-unitaries-with-cliffordt-circuits","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/new-cm-edgedigital.pages.dev\/en-us\/research\/publication\/synthesis-of-unitaries-with-cliffordt-circuits\/","title":{"rendered":"Synthesis of Unitaries with Clifford+T Circuits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">\n<p>We describe a new method for approximating an arbitrary <span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> qubit unitary with precision <span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">\u03b5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> using a Clifford and T circuit with <span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mn\">4<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">log<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mi\">\u03b5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> gates. The method is based on rounding off a unitary to a unitary over the ring <span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mi\">Z<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mo\">[<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mi\">i<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span>\u2013\u221a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mo\">]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and employing exact synthesis. We also show that any <span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> qubit unitary over the ring <span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mi\">Z<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mo\">[<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mi\">i<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span>\u2013\u221a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"mo\">]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> with entries of the form <span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mi\">a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mi\">b<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span>\u2013\u221a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mi\">i<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mi\">c<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mi\">i<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span>\u2013\u221a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> can be exactly synthesized using <span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"mn\">4<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-99\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-100\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-101\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-102\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-103\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-104\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Clifford and T gates using two ancillary qubits. This new exact synthesis algorithm is an improvement over the best known exact synthesis method by B. Giles and P. Selinger requiring <span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-105\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-106\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-107\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-108\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-109\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-110\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-111\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-112\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-113\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-114\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-115\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-116\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-117\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-118\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-119\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-120\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> elementary gates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We describe a new method for approximating an arbitrary n qubit unitary with precision \u03b5 using a Clifford and T circuit with O(4nn(log(1\/\u03b5)+n)) gates. The method is based on rounding off a unitary to a unitary over the ring Z[i,1\/2\u2013\u221a] and employing exact synthesis. We also show that any n qubit unitary over the ring 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